Study indicates widespread SARS-CoV-2 exposure in wildlife SARSCoV2 Coronavirus Disease COVID Zoonosis Virginia Opossum Deer Raccoons Squirrels biorxivpreprint virginia_tech
SARS-CoV-2 spillover onto humans has led to the devastating COVID-19 pandemic that has caused significant morbidity and mortality across the globe. Interactions of humans with animals have caused the reverse transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from humans to captive and wild animal species.
Eighteen wild animal species and 333 individuals from 32 counties of Virginia were sampled in the Eastern regions of the United States and subjected to RT-qPCR and WGS analyses. Nasopharyngeal swabs were obtained for detecting the SARS-CoV-2 spike , nucleocapsid , and envelope genes and for amplifying a housekeeping-type gene to assess the prevalence of active COVID-19 cases.
Results The team detected widespread SARS-CoV-2 exposure among wildlife. SARS-CoV-2 was identified in Virginia’s opossum and equivocally among six other species. Raccoons and squirrels showed high SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence ranging between 62% and 71%, and the seroprevalence was three times higher among high human-activity areas than low human-activity areas.
The sequence of SARS-CoV-2 obtained from the infected Virginia opossum shared mutations in the Omicron BA.2 open reading frame 1a/b , membrane , E, and S genes. The detected isolate was found to cluster in the Omicron clade and was assigned the Omicron sub-variant BJ.1 or BA.2.10.1. The BA.2.10.1 subvariant comprised the G798D amino acid substitution in the S protein.
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