What is the COVID-19 mRNA-1273 vaccine effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sub-variants? medrxivpreprint KPSCALnews COVID19 SARSCoV2 Omicron VOC mRNA Vaccine
By Pooja Toshniwal PahariaOct 4 2022Reviewed by Aimee Molineux In a recent study posted to the medRxiv* preprint server, researchers evaluated the messenger ribonucleic acid -1273 vaccine effectiveness against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Omicron sub-variant of concern infections and hospitalizations.
About the study In the present test-negative case-control study, researchers evaluated D3 and D4 VE estimates for mRNA-1273 vaccines against Omicron sub-VOC-induced infections and hospitalizations. The cases and controls were matched in a 1:3 ratio for age, sex, ethnicity, and date of sample collection. The study exposures were D3 or D4 of mRNA-1273 vaccines. Logistic regression analysis was used for the analysis, and odds ratios were calculated. To evaluate the incremental VE of D3 vs. D2 and D4 vs. D3 doses of mRNA-1273, the relative VE values were determined by the time elapsed since D3 or D4 receipt.
VE for the two corresponding timepoints were 61% and -25% for Omicron BA.2 sub-VOC , 83% and -27% for Omicron BA.2.12.1, 73% and -16% for Omicron BA.4, and 91% and 18% for Omicron BA.5, respectively. Consistent incremental immune protection of D3 vs. D2 was observed 14 to 90 days post-D3, except for Omicron BA.4; however, rVE values reduced with time.
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Waning of vaccine effectiveness against moderate and severe covid-19 among adults in the US from the VISION network: test negative, case-control studyObjective To estimate the effectiveness of mRNA vaccines against moderate and severe covid-19 in adults by time since second, third, or fourth doses, and by age and immunocompromised status. Design Test negative case-control study. Setting Hospitals, emergency departments, and urgent care clinics in 10 US states, 17 January 2021 to 12 July 2022. Participants 893 461 adults (≥18 years) admitted to one of 261 hospitals or to one of 272 emergency department or 119 urgent care centers for covid-like illness tested for SARS-CoV-2. Main outcome measures The main outcome was waning of vaccine effectiveness with BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) or mRNA-1273 (Moderna) vaccine during the omicron and delta periods, and the period before delta was dominant using logistic regression conditioned on calendar week and geographic area while adjusting for age, race, ethnicity, local virus circulation, immunocompromised status, and likelihood of being vaccinated. Results 45 903 people admitted to hospital with covid-19 (cases) were compared with 213 103 people with covid-like illness who tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 (controls), and 103 287 people admitted to emergency department or urgent care with covid-19 (cases) were compared with 531 168 people with covid-like illness who tested negative for SARS-CoV-2. In the omicron period, vaccine effectiveness against covid-19 requiring admission to hospital was 89% (95% confidence interval 88% to 90%) within two months after dose 3 but waned to 66% (63% to 68%) by four to five months. Vaccine effectiveness of three doses against emergency department or urgent care visits was 83% (82% to 84%) initially but waned to 46% (44% to 49%) by four to five months. Waning was evident in all subgroups, including young adults and individuals who were not immunocompromised; although waning was morein people who were immunocompromised. Vaccine effectiveness increased among most groups after a fourth dose in whom this booster was recommended. Conclusions Effecti
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