The relationship between intestinal microbiome dysbiosis and atherosclerosis Atherosclerosis Dysbiosis Microbiome Gut Microbiome Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease UMontreal IJMS_MDPI
By Pooja Toshniwal PahariaMar 15 2023Reviewed by Benedette Cuffari, M.Sc. In a recent review published in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences, researchers in Canada investigate the impact of intestinal microbiota dysbiosis on atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease incidence.
Previous studies have reported that the intestinal microbiota is critically involved in atherosclerosis development. Essential intestinal metabolites, such as trimethylamine N-oxide , lipopolysaccharides , short-chain fatty acids , and secondary-type bile acids are reportedly related to ischemic heart disease severity.
Elevated secondary-type bile acid secretion occurs in the gut by deconjugation of chenodeoxycholic acid and cholic acid. Secondary-type bile acid molecules enable fat-soluble vitamin and lipid absorption, as well as activate the Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 and farnesoid X receptor . These receptors modulate cholesterol and glucose metabolism, as well as activate the nuclear factor kappa B pathway, thereby increasing tumor necrosis factor-alpha , interleukin 1 , IL-6, and IL-8 levels.
Immunology eBook Compilation of the top interviews, articles, and news in the last year. Download a free copy Lipopolysaccharides are also recognized by receptor proteins, such as the lipopolysaccharide-binding protein , cluster of differentiation-14 , and myeloid differentiation protein-2 . Furthermore, PAGln transmits cellular events through G-protein coupled receptors such as the α-2A, 2B, and beta-2 adrenergic receptors. PAGln also accelerates thrombus production and vessel occlusion rates.
A modern westernized diet high in red meat, fish, and eggs releases choline and L-carnitine, which susbequently increases the bacterial generation of TMA. TMA undergoes oxidation to form TMAO in hepatic tissues through flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 activity.
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