Circumcised vs. Uncircumcised; Differences in the Penile Microbiome Microbiome PenileMicrobiome
Post-circumcision PMB The human body is host to trillions of microbes. The penis also harbors its own microbiota, which changes with circumcision. This shift is associated with a significant lowering of the risk of several sexually transmitted infections .Circumcision refers to the removal of the foreskin, or prepuce, of the penis, leaving the glans exposed. This removes the moisture and anoxia of the space between the prepuce and the glans, which favors microbial growth.
The most likely pathway for the lower HIV risk in circumcised men appears to be the reduction of moisture and anerobic conditions on the glans, thus preventing the overgrowth of microbes that could cause inflammation. Inflammation promotes the entry of HIV by activating the langerin+ Langerhans' cells and DC-SIGN+ dendritic cells, both of which are HIV targets.
The most abundant microbes are from Clostridiales family XI and Prevotellaceae. Familywise, the most abundant include Pseudomonas, Janthinobacteria, Anaerococcus and other Clostridiales, Prevotella, and Staphylococcus. Gardnerella comprised most of the Bifidobacteriaceae, while Sneathia represented the majority of Fusobacteriaceae.
Read Next: What is Smegma? Immunology eBook Compilation of the top interviews, articles, and news in the last year. Download a free copy Clostridiales and Campylobacterales also registered a marked decline, along with the fungi Saccharomycetales and Pleosporales.
Brasil Últimas Notícias, Brasil Manchetes
Similar News:Você também pode ler notícias semelhantes a esta que coletamos de outras fontes de notícias.
Stark gulf in pay between men and women in NorthantsAnalysists measured average hourly pay rates and the differences were up to 25 per cent in some areas
Consulte Mais informação »
Woman shows the staggering difference in Primark sizing with 14 and 16 bottomsA WOMAN has left people stunned after showing the staggering size differences between Primark clothes. Khandie took to TikTok to share a video which she began: “Your body isn’t the problem. &…
Consulte Mais informação »
First look at new stamps featuring King Charles III face but with big changeTHE first stamps featuring King Charles’ silhouette are to go on sale – but with some big differences. The new 10-stamp set is a nod to the monarch’s love of gardening and celebra…
Consulte Mais informação »
Inflammation and neuronal gene expression changes differ in early versus late chronic traumatic encephalopathy brain - BMC Medical GenomicsBackground Our understanding of the molecular underpinnings of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) and its associated pathology in post-mortem brain is incomplete. Factors including years of play and genetic risk variants influence the extent of tau pathology associated with disease expression, but how these factors affect gene expression, and whether those effects are consistent across the development of disease, is unknown. Methods To address these questions, we conducted an analysis of the largest post-mortem brain CTE mRNASeq whole-transcriptome dataset available to date. We examined the genes and biological processes associated with disease by comparing individuals with CTE with control individuals with a history of repetitive head impacts that lack CTE pathology. We then identified genes and biological processes associated with total years of play as a measure of exposure, amount of tau pathology present at time of death, and the presence of APOE and TMEM106B risk variants. Samples were stratified into low and high pathology groups based on McKee CTE staging criteria to model early versus late changes in response to exposure, and the relative effects associated with these factors were compared between these groups. Results Substantial gene expression changes were associated with severe disease for most of these factors, primarily implicating diverse, strongly involved neuroinflammatory and neuroimmune processes. In contrast, low pathology groups had many fewer genes and processes implicated and show striking differences for some factors when compared with severe disease. Specifically, gene expression associated with amount of tau pathology showed a nearly perfect inverse relationship when compared between these two groups. Conclusions Together, these results suggest the early CTE disease process may be mechanistically different than what occurs in late stages, that total years of play and tau pathology influence disease expression differently, and that rela
Consulte Mais informação »