A study in BMCMicrobiol finds that use of e-cigarette increases gingival inflammation, alters the microbiome in saliva and subgingival sites. Prolonged use may lead to periodontal disease.
Overall, although our study did not include teenagers, who compose the most at-risk group for EC related issues largely in part to their tobacco naivety, it did assess the effects of ECs on younger adults, most of whom are daily users of these products. Findings from this study suggest that exposure to ECs may cause changes to both the saliva and subgingival microbial environments that may in turn have a clinical consequence .
Our findings also suggest that continued surveillance of the health effects of electronic cigarette exposure is required. At minimum, our study highlights the need for additional research regarding the microbial and clinical effects of e-cigarette exposure on the body.We recruited participants from Baltimore, MD and its surrounding areas, advertising through social media , daily newspapers , and flyers posted at local vape shops and colleges.
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The effects of a low carbohydrate diet on erectile function and serum testosterone levels in hypogonadal men with metabolic syndrome: a randomized clinical trial - BMC Endocrine DisordersPurpose Metabolic syndrome is a risk factor for several diseases. The relationship between metabolic syndrome and hypogonadism is well known. Our objetive is to assess whether a low carbohydrate diet can increase total serum testosterone and improve erectile function in hypogonadal men with metabolic syndrome. Methods An open label randomized clinical trial was conducted comparing a low carbohydrate diet and controls, during three months, in hypogonadal men with metabolic syndrome. Anthropometric measurements were evaluated as well as total serum testosterone levels, and symptoms of hypogonadism, using the ADAM and AMS scores, and sexual function using IIEF-5 score. Results Eighteen men were evaluated. Anthropometric measures were improved only in low carbohydrate diet group. The intervention group also had a statistically increase in IIEF-5 score and a significant reduction in AMS and ADAM scores (p | 0.001). The increase in serum total testosterone levels was statistically significant in the low carbohydrate group compared to the control group as well as calculated free testosterone (p | 0.001). Conclusions Low carbohydrate diet may increase serum levels of testosterone and improve erectile function in hypogonadal men with metabolic syndrome. However, larger studies are necessary to strongly prove the effectiveness of low carbohydrate diet in treating male hypogonadism.
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Trends in hospital admissions and prescribing due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma in England and Wales between 1999 and 2020: an ecological study - BMC Pulmonary MedicineObjective To investigate the trends in hospital admissions and medication prescriptions related to asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in England and Wales. Methods An ecological study was conducted between April 1999 and April 2020 using data extracted from the hospital episode statistics database in England and the patient episode database for Wales. The Office of National Statistics mid-year population estimates for 1999 through 2020 were collected, and medication prescription data for 2004–2020 were extracted from the prescription cost analysis database. Results The total annual number of COPD and asthma hospital admissions for various causes increased by 82.2%, from 210,525 in 1999 to 383,652 in 2020, representing a 59.1% increase in hospital admission rate (from 403.77 in 1999 to 642.42 per 100,000 persons in 2020, p | 0.05). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with acute lower respiratory infection accounted for 38.7% of hospital admissions. Around 34.7% of all hospital admissions involved patients aged 75 and older. Around 53.8% of all COPD and asthma hospital admissions were attributable to females. The annual number of prescriptions dispensed for COPD and asthma medications increased by 42.2%. Conclusions Throughout the study period, hospital admissions due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma, as well as medication prescriptions, increased dramatically among all age groups. Hospitalization rates were higher for women. Further observational and epidemiological research is required to identify the factors contributing to increased hospitalization rates.
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The clustering of physical health conditions and associations with co-occurring mental health problems and problematic alcohol use: a cross-sectional study - BMC PsychiatryBackground There is strong evidence for the co-occurrence of mental health conditions and alcohol problems, yet physical health outcomes among this group are not well characterised. This study aimed to identify clusters of physical health conditions and their associations with mental health and problematic alcohol use in England’s general population. Methods Cross-sectional analysis of the 2014 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey (N = 7546) was conducted. The survey used standardised measures of problematic alcohol use and mental health conditions, including the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and the Clinical Interview Schedule-Revised. Participants self-reported any lifetime physical health conditions. Latent class analysis considered 12 common physical illnesses to identify clusters of multimorbidity. Multinomial logistic regression (adjusting for age, gender, ethnicity, education, and occupational grade) was used to explore associations between mental health, hazardous drinking (AUDIT 8 +), and co-occurring physical illnesses. Results Five clusters were identified with statistically distinct and clinically meaningful disease patterns: ‘Physically Healthy’ (76.62%), ‘Emerging Multimorbidity’ (3.12%), ‘Hypertension & Arthritis’ (14.28%), ‘Digestive & Bowel Problems’’ (3.17%), and ‘Complex Multimorbidity’ (2.8%). Having a mental health problem was associated with increased odds of ‘Digestive & Bowel Problems’ (adjusted multinomial odds ratio (AMOR) = 1.58; 95% CI [1.15–2.17]) and ‘Complex Multimorbidity’ (AMOR = 2.02; 95% CI [1.49–2.74]). Individuals with co-occurring mental health conditions and problematic alcohol use also had higher odds of ‘Digestive & Bowel Problems’ (AMOR = 2.64; 95% CI [1.68–4.15]) and ‘Complex Multimorbidity’ (AMOR = 2.62; 95% CI [1.61–4.23]). Conclusions Individuals with a mental health condition concurrent with problematic alcohol use experience a greater burden of physical illnesses, highlighting the need for timely trea
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A nontuberculous mycobacterium could solve the mystery of the lady from the Franciscan church in Basel, Switzerland - BMC BiologyBackground In 1975, the mummified body of a female has been found in the Franciscan church in Basel, Switzerland. Molecular and genealogic analyses unveiled her identity as Anna Catharina Bischoff (ACB), a member of the upper class of post-reformed Basel, who died at the age of 68 years, in 1787. The reason behind her death is still a mystery, especially that toxicological analyses revealed high levels of mercury, a common treatment against infections at that time, in different body organs. The computed tomography (CT) and histological analysis showed bone lesions in the femurs, the rib cage, and the skull, which refers to a potential syphilis case. Results Although we could not detect any molecular signs of the syphilis-causing pathogen Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum, we realized high prevalence of a nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) species in brain tissue sample. The genome analysis of this NTM displayed richness of virulence genes and toxins, and similarity to other infectious NTM, known to infect immunocompromised patients. In addition, it displayed potential resistance to mercury compounds, which might indicate a selective advantage against the applied treatment. This suggests that ACB might have suffered from an atypical mycobacteriosis during her life, which could explain the mummy’s bone lesion and high mercury concentrations. Conclusions The study of this mummy exemplifies the importance of employing differential diagnostic approaches in paleopathological analysis, by combining classical anthropological, radiological, histological, and toxicological observations with molecular analysis. It represents a proof-of-concept for the discovery of not-yet-described ancient pathogens in well-preserved specimens, using de novo metagenomic assembly.
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Acute phase characteristics and long-term complications of pulmonary embolism in COVID-19 compared to non-COVID-19 cohort: a large single-centre study - BMC Pulmonary MedicineBackground To compare the severity of pulmonary embolism (PE) and the long-term complications between patients with and without COVID-19, and to investigate whether the tools for risk stratification of death are valid in this population. Methods We retrospectively included hospitalized patients with PE from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2022. Comparisons for acute episode characteristics, risk stratification of the PE, outcomes, and long-term complications were made between COVID and non-COVID patients. Results We analyzed 116 (27.5%) COVID patients and 305 (72.4%) non-COVID patients. In patients with COVID-19, the traditional risk factors for PE were absent, and the incidence of deep vein thrombosis was lower. COVID patients showed significantly higher lymphocyte count, lactate dehydrogenase, lactic acid, and D-dimer levels. COVID patients had PE of smaller size (12.3% vs. 25.5% main pulmonary artery, 29.8% vs. 37.1% lobar, 44.7% vs. 29.5% segmental and 13.2% vs. 7.9% subsegmental, respectively; p | 0.001), less right ventricular dysfunction (7.7% vs. 17.7%; p = 0.007) and higher sPESI score (1.66 vs. 1.11; p | 0.001). The need for mechanical ventilation was significantly higher in COVID patients (8.6% vs. 1.3%; p | 0.001); However, the in-hospital death was less (5.2% vs. 10.8%; p = 0.074). The incidence of long-term complications was lower in COVID cohort (p | 0.001). PE severity assessed by high sPESI and intermediate and high-risk categories were independently associated with in-hospital mortality in COVID patients. Conclusion The risk of in-hospital mortality and the incidence of long-term complications were lower in COVID-19. The usual tools for risk stratification of PE are valid in COVID patients.
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4,000-character tweets is just a long, terrible ideaOpinion: It's called 'micro-blogging,' sir
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