How the expression of Cas proteins in bacterial CRISPR-Cas immune system adapts to the constantly changing CRISPR structures and crRNA expression levels has been a long-standing unresolved question.
Prof. Li Ming and Prof. Xiang Hua's lab at Institute of Microbiology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences have unraveled novel physiological functions of the guard RNA of CRISPR-Cas and provided a clue for this question.
Through extensive bioinformatics analysis, Cas-regulating RNA , a similar molecule to CreA, was found to be widely presented in Class 1 and Class 2 CRISPR systems. More importantly, these CreR molecules can mediate the autoregulation of Cas proteins, not only sensing the concentration of intracellular crRNA and achieving their coordinated expression, but also effectively sensing the anti-CRISPR proteins encoded by phages, thereby rapidly activating the high-level expression of Cas proteins in response to Acr attacks.
This work not only provides a new perspective on how CRISPR-Cas coordinates the expression of crRNA and Cas proteins, a fundamental question in this field, but also reveals a new transcription-level anti-anti-CRISPR strategy.Chao Liu et al, Widespread RNA-based cas regulation monitors crRNA abundance and anti-CRISPR proteins,
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