New study finds elevated inflammatory cytokines and lymphocytes linked to rare cases of myocarditis after COVID-19 vaccination SciImmunology Yale inflammatory cytokines lymphocytes myocarditis covid COVID19 SARSCoV2 vaccine vaccination
By Neha MathurMay 10 2023Reviewed by Lily Ramsey, LLM In a recent article published in the Science Immunology Journal, researchers investigated a cohort of patients who developed myocarditis or pericarditis shortly after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 messenger ribonucleic acid vaccination.
It is most common among adolescents and young males shortly after receipt of the second dose of mRNA vaccines, BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273. Per a recent estimate, the incidence of myopericarditis increased from zero to 35.9 cases per 100,000 males. Other studies suggested that LNP adjuvants in mRNA vaccines trigger aberrant innate and adaptive immune reactivity. Other studies have implicated inflammatory cytokines, natural killer , and T lymphocytes in such a pathology.
Finally, the team conducted clinical follow-up between two to nine months of COVID-19 vaccination using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate the long-term effects of myocarditis, pericarditis, or myopericarditis. Instead, the study analysis uncovered that complete cytokinopathy and activation of cytotoxic lymphocytes with unique transcriptional signatures characterized mRNA-LNP vaccine-induced myopericarditis.
These chemokines play important roles in cytotoxic T-cell and TH1 responses and activating infiltration of cardiac tissue by T-cells.
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