COVID-19 carries a much higher risk of epilepsy and seizures than influenza Coronavirus Disease COVID Influenza Flu Epilepsy Seizures greenjournal UniofOxford nyugrossman UCLchildhealth
By Benedette Cuffari, M.Sc.Nov 17 2022Reviewed by Aimee Molineux After retrospectively analyzing the data of over 300,000 people, researchers in a recent Neurology journal paper report that a diagnosis of the coronavirus disease 2019 was associated with a greater risk of both seizures and epilepsy as compared to those diagnosed with influenza infection.
In fact, many people hospitalized due to COVID-19 report neurological symptoms, the most common of which include muscle aches, headaches, dizziness, confusion, and altered taste and smell. In some severe cases, COVID-19 has also been associated with seizures and strokes; however, these events are rare, with a seizure rate of about 1%.
Neuroscience eBook Compilation of the top interviews, articles, and news in the last year. Download a copy today Autopsy studies conducted on patients who have died from acute COVID-19 have also reported the accumulation of macrophages, CD8+ T-cells in perivascular regions, as well as widespread microglial activation.
When age was considered, COVID-19 was found to similarly increase the risk of seizures in both children and adults as compared to influenza infection. More specifically, children diagnosed with COVID-19 had a 1.34% risk of seizures or epilepsy as compared to a 0.69% risk when diagnosed with influenza. Conversely, adults had a 0.84% and 0.54% risk of seizures and epilepsy when diagnosed with COVID-19 or influenza, respectively.
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Excess deaths by sex and Age Group in the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States - Health Care Management ScienceThe COVID-19 pandemic hastened hundreds of thousands of deaths in the United States. Many of these excess deaths are directly attributed to COVID-19, but others stem from the pandemic’s social, economic, and health care system disruptions. This study compares provisional mortality data for age and sex subgroups across different time windows, with and without COVID-19 deaths, and assesses whether mortality risks are returning to pre-pandemic levels. Using provisional mortality reports from the CDC, we compute mortality risks for 22 age and sex subgroups in 2021 and compare against 2015–2019 using odds ratios. We repeat this comparison for the first twelve full months of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States (April 2020–March 2021) against the next twelve full months (April 2021–March 2022). Mortality risks for most subgroups were significantly higher in 2021 than in 2015–2019, both with and without deaths involving COVID-19. For ages 25–54, Year 2 (April 2021–March 2022) was more fatal than Year 1 (April 2020–March 2021), whereas total mortality risks for the 65 + age groups declined. Given so many displaced deaths in the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic, mortality risks in the next few years may fall below pre-pandemic levels. Provisional mortality data suggest this is already happening for the 75 + age groups when excluding COVID-19 deaths.
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IgG response to spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 in healthy individuals and potential of intravenous IgG as treatment for COVID-19 - Virology JournalBackground The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is currently a worldwide pandemic. There are limited available treatments for severe COVID-19 patients. However, some evidence suggests that intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) provides clinical benefits for these patients. Methods We administered IVIg to 23 severe COVID-19 patients, and all of them survived. Four related coronaviruses can cause the common cold. We speculated that cross-reactivity of SARS-CoV-2 and other common coronaviruses might partially explain the clinical efficacy of IVIg therapy. Thus, we performed multiple alignment analysis of the spike (S), membrane (M), and nucleotide (N) proteins from SARS-CoV-2 and the common coronaviruses to identify conserved regions. Next, we synthesized 25 peptides that were conserved regions and tested their IVIg seropositivity. Results The results indicated four peptides had significant or nearly significant seropositivity, and all of them were associated with the S and M proteins. Examination of the immune responses of healthy volunteers to each synthetic peptide indicated high seropositivity to the two peptides from S protein. Blood samples from healthy individuals may have pre-existing anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgGs, and IVIg is a potentially effective therapy for severe COVID-19. Conclusion In conclusion, blood samples from many healthy individuals have pre-existing anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgGs, and IVIg may be an effective therapy for severe COVID-19.
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Frontiers | Increased IL-26 associates with markers of hyperinflammation and tissue damage in patients with acute COVID-19Interleukin-26 (IL-26) is released by several immune and structural cells following stimulation of toll-like receptors (TLRs), whereupon it can directly inhibit viral replication and enhance neutrophil chemotaxis. Given these unique properties, IL-26 has emerged as an intriguing mediator of host defense in the lungs. However, the role of IL-26 in COVID-19 has not been thoroughly investigated. Here, we characterized the involvement of IL-26 in the hyperinflammation and tissue damage that occurs in patients with acute COVID-19. We found that IL-26 is markedly increased in blood samples from these patients, and that the concentration of IL-26 correlates with those of the neutrophil-mobilizing cytokines IL-6, IL-8, and TNFα, respectively. Moreover, the increase in blood IL-26 correlates with enhanced surface expression of the “don’t eat me” signal CD47 on blood neutrophils isolated from patients with acute COVID-19. Finally, we found that the blood concentration of IL-26 correlates with that of increased lactate dehydrogenase, an established marker of tissue damage, and decreased mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), a previously verified hematological aberration in COVID-19, both of which are associated with severe disease. Thus, our findings indicate that increased systemic IL-26 associates with markers of hyperinflammation and tissue damage in patients with acute COVID-19, thereby forwarding the kinocidin IL-26 as a potential target for diagnosis, monitoring, and therapy in this deadly disease.
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Keeping indoor humidity levels at a 'sweet spot' may reduce the spread of COVID-19We know proper indoor ventilation is key to reducing the spread of COVID-19. Now, a study by MIT researchers finds that indoor relative humidity may also influence transmission of the virus.
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