Scientists may have uncovered how fear happens on a biochemical, electrical level.
, however, illuminates some of these mechanisms for the first time. Research reveals how stress hormones change the way that neurons fire, ramping up the brain’s ability to encode new memories.Fear is an evolutionary tool that warns us about potential danger. We’re primed to remember the things that scare us, says Tulane University Neuroscientist Jeffrey Tasker and the study’s senior author, “because you want to be able to avoid them the next time.
“We are particularly interested in the stress modulation of the memory process,” says Xin Fu, a neuroscientist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the study’s lead author. In the case of norepinephrine, the researchers found that the neurotransmitter caused a bursting pattern of electrical impulses in the amygdala. Tasker says that they saw “clusters of these electrical discharges, and then separated by 30 seconds of silence, and then another cluster of electrical discharge,” a pattern that Fu describes as “very surprising.
“It's almost a mistake to focus everything down onto one neurotransmitter in the brain,” says Tasker. “One of the things we’d like to explore is how multiple neurotransmitters converging on the target cell might trigger this activity.”
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