🔄FROM THE ARCHIVE: Researchers have used these cells from foreskin to heal stubborn wounds and test revolutionary drugs. In the future, they may aid in repairing organs.
made from iPSCs into two men’s hearts. Other projects could, theoretically, accomplish similar transplants or injections by beginning with HFFs.Despite the wide range of possibilities, these proposals may come with major risks. As Ichim points out, such therapies begin with relatively immature iPSC cells and warrant caution when turning them into more complex ones. “The iPSC is basically fighting with nature … it’s exciting, but of course will be dangerous,” he says.
For one, the stem cells could carry potentially harmful genetic features from the donor. While these signatures are more pronounced in adult-derived cells, Zwaka says, they could occur to a lesser degree in infant cells and carry over even after conversion. Recipients could therefore develop certain genetic diseases or, possibilities that scientists now keep in mind during clinical trials.
For Khademhosseini’s work at the Terasaki Institute, including 3D-printing new tissues to replace injured ones, he feels it’s best to work with the patient’s own cells or to find donors with. “In tissue engineering, the ideal setting would be to use cells from the person themselves because that’s gonna be compatible immunologically,” he explains. “But also, if you have sources from other people who are matched so the tissue wouldn’t get rejected as fast, that could also be useful.
It could also help to sequence donor genomes and look out for potential dangers. This could take four to six months, Zwaka estimates, and add significant costs. And as with most medical undertakings, it will be crucial to account for genomic diversity between specific populations and provide patients with appropriate donors .
While there's a long way to go before surgeons can easily place iPSC-sourced cells in human bodies, Zwaka is astounded by the field’s progress so far, particularly the ability to cook up these cells in the first place. “It’s so unbelievable that it works,” he says. “It’s still a mystery to most of us, but it clearly works and is highly efficient.”
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