California researchers are closing in on the missing puzzle piece to a persistent ecological problem.
From the coast of Southern Africa to Southern Alaska, sea urchins and kelp coexist peacefully — until they don’t. In recent decades, more and more kelp forests have been razed by the hungry urchins. In these places, “urchin barrens” have replaced once lush and diverse ecosystems.
This simple observation was a hint. Urchin barrens could not be explained by overpopulation alone. Something else was driving the process.: If detritus was plentiful enough to feed a given urchin population, the creatures would consume the kelp scraps from the safety of cracks and crevices in the ocean floor — away from predators. However, if the supply of detritus was not enough, the urchins would emerge from safety and feed on standing kelp.
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