Now known as the Drake Equation, this formula jotted down by Frank Drake before a meeting in 1961 still provides a framework for scientists looking for intelligent life beyond Earth
is currently looking for signs that life may have once existed on Mars. Soon probes will launch to a handful of icy moons in the outer solar system, where all the ingredients necessary for life as we know it can be found. And scientists are getting ready to peer through the atmospheres of alien worlds to look for molecules that could suggest the presence of alien metabolisms.David GrinspoonScientists are also looking for signs of alien technology, as Dad first did with Project Ozma.
Solving the last few variables—the fraction of worlds with life, intelligence, and technology—will take more than a single detection. As with exoplanets, multiple observations will be needed to reveal how common life is among the galaxy. “It’s unfortunate that people refer to the longevity term as the longevity of a technological civilization. That’s not what it is. It’s the longevity of the emission mechanism,” Tarter says. “We could in fact build something, some sort of technosignature, that has a longevity well beyond that of our civilization.”
Aliens that have figured out how to read the signatures of technology in planetary atmospheres, for example, may have been able to sniff out emissions released during the Industrial Revolution in the mid-1800s—if you know what to look for and have the patience to watch as a planet slowly changes. Civilizations with even more advanced technology could quietly watch as life emerges and toddles around on numerous planets, sometimes failing, other times thriving.
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