Which aspects of sleep architecture and respiratory-related sleep disturbances are associated with cognitive function in middle-aged to older adults?

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Which aspects of sleep architecture and respiratory-related sleep disturbances are associated with cognitive function in middle-aged to older adults?
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Which aspects of sleep architecture and respiratory-related sleep disturbances are associated with cognitive function in middle-aged to older adults? JAMANetworkOpen MonashUni HarvardChanSPH UMNews PittTweet

By Neha MathurJul 20 2023Reviewed by Sophia Coveney In a recent study published in JAMA Network Open, researchers created the Sleep and Dementia Consortium, comprising five population-based cohort studies.

There are many possible mechanisms through which sleep could decrease the dementia risk. For instance, adequate and good quality sleep augments the glymphatic clearance of Alzheimer’s disease proteins, facilitating memory consolidation and synaptic remodeling. All study participants were at least 45 years old and had never had dementia or stroke. The standardized protocol for sleep assessments recorded readings from an electroencephalogram, electrooculogram, finger pulse oximeter, a single bipolar electrocardiogram, and ambient light levels, to name a few.

While global cognition was the primary study outcome, the team explored cognitive domain scores as secondary outcomes, and methods used for each varied across cohorts. So, the researchers performed a principal component analysis of all cognitive test scores to derive a general cognitive score. Results Overall, there were 5946 participants, of which 1875 were females with a median age between 58 and 89 years at PSG acquisition. Cohort-wise, there were 1791, 701, 640, 2619, and 195 participants from ARIC, CHS, FHS, MrOS, and SOF studies.

Note that N3 sleep plays a crucial role in memory consolidation as it is the period for optimizing glymphatic clearance. Yet, in this study, the researchers found no association between differences in N3 percentage and cognitive function. It is possible that other sleep stages compensated for age-related N3 declines or that single-night PSG were inadequate to quantify N3 sleep.

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