Indigenous peoples have occupied Central Texas for thousands of years — long before Spanish settlers arrived in the mid-16th century. Where have Austin’s Indigenous people gone? | _laterrazas
An illustration dated 1842 of Native Americans documented in Thralls Pictoral History of Texas.
Bishop’s Austin history was tested one day while an undergrad at UT Austin. They volunteered for an academic summit for an African history course and took on the role of tour guide. Bishop was shuttling around guests when one asked about the city’s Indigenous people and their history. “We have a state government that doesn’t acknowledge, doesn’t recognize, its own Indigenous history,” said Sturm, who is a descendant of the federally recognized Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians.
Not just any tree — Comanche marker trees. You can spot one just south of 38th Street and Shoal Creek Boulevard, nestled right in the middle of the trail’s Seider Springs Greenbelt.There are signs and markers — including the Seiders Oaks state historical marker — paying tribute to the settler Gideon White along Shoal Creek, but there's no mention of the Indigenous tribes who also lived in the area.
The story goes White was killed by Indigenous people, but again, there’s no mention of these tribes on any of the markers. There are, however, these tangible indicators, like the Comanche marker trees. The 1800s ushered in another violent chapter in this history. When the Republic of Texas was born in 1836, Sam Houston tried to form peaceful relationships with Indigenous tribes under his administration. That effort was short-lived by the time of the Republic’s second president.
So, to recap: Indigenous peoples have occupied this area for thousands of years — long before Spanish settlers arrived in the mid-16th century. The settlers’ arrival brought deadly diseases and wars. This cycle was repeated when the Republic of Texas emerged and was combined with more targeted efforts to exterminate and forcibly relocate tribes to other parts of the state and eventually across state borders.
It also complicated the process of becoming a federally recognized tribe, which affects a tribe’s ability to access resources and how they practice cultural traditions. This ranges from using eagle feathers in rituals and whether ceremonies can be performed on sacred sites. These sites are typically where creation stories originate and are usually known for their natural beauty.
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