A JWST observing program called PEARLS is studying the oldest galaxies and galaxy clusters in the Universe.
, which is how the gravity from massive structures like galaxy clusters can act as a lens, amplifying the light from objects behind the cluster. It allows astronomers to study objects at even more extreme distances.
PEARLS has captured one of the first medium-deep wide-field images of the cosmos. It features the North Ecliptic Pole region of the sky. The images show how the gravitational lensing from galaxy clusters in the foreground brings more distant objects into view. Some of the distant objects are ancient galaxies interacting with each other. Some of them are, extremely luminous regions at the center of galaxies, where black holes superheat material that falls toward them.
This image is of the El Gordo cluster, a cluster of galaxies chosen for its enormous mass. This image doesn’t show the center of the cluster, but it has a “rich collection of distant lensed source candidates,” according to the authors. STScI/WindhorstResearch assistant Jake Summers is one of the paper’s co-authors. “The JWST images far exceed what we expected from my simulations prior to the first science observations,” Summers said.
VV 191 features an elliptical galaxy on the left and a spiral galaxy on the right. The orange arc south of VV 191a is a distant galaxy that’s gravitationally lensed by VV 191a. The faint light in between stars and galaxies is also an object of interest to astronomers. Scientists cannot abide by unexplained light in the Universe. When astronomers work with images and remove all the light from known sources, like stars and galaxies, a tiny bit of light remains. They call it “ghost light,” and its source is still being investigated. Some astronomers call it the sky’s surface brightness, and it might be related to missing faint galaxies.
“I expect that this field will be monitored throughout the JWST mission to reveal objects that move, vary in brightness or briefly flare up, like distant exploding supernovae or accreting gas around black holes in active galaxies,” Jansen said.
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