Yes, there is a bit of irony in a group of women debunking this theory with our rigorous use of math.
The focus on “propensities” is a trend in the broader conversation about the role of social and biological factors in women’s and men’s STEM achievement. Twenty years ago, biological hard-liners, including Geary, argued that women are biologically lessin the STEM fields.
Stoet and Geary claim that their formula captures how much women naturally do or don’t prefer STEM, which is why they prefer it to the simpler “number of women in STEM.” Aside from the fact that their formula obscures and minimizes leaps and bounds in numbers of women’s university degrees in STEM across all nations over the past several decades, this is a problem for two reasons.
Is there a paradoxical relationship between women’s achievement in STEM and gender equality? It depends on which countries you include and how you measure gender equality. For the small sample of 45 countries examined by Stoet and Geary, women’s STEM achievement does negatively correlate with the World Economic Forum’s Global Gender Gap Index, or GGGI, which ranks countries based on markers of gender parity.
In any case, all nation-level gender equality measures are highly imperfect for understanding the drivers of gender equality. Stoet and Geary naively adopt the GGGI as a social science measure of gender equality, but it was not designed for that purpose, and it should not be used as a measure of gender empowerment or attitudes about gender. For example, Rwanda ranked sixth in the world on the 2015 GGGI due to high representation of women in economic and political life.
Women in science have been pushing back the tide of claims about women’s lack of interest and ability in STEM for decades. The work continues today. As we see it, the so-called gender equality paradox is a new entry in an old playbook of arguing that biological sex differences, not social inequalities, drive the gender disparities we see in areas such as STEM.
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