A breakthrough in bacterial vaginosis treatment for women's health HarvardResearch
consortia engraft and proliferate in the vagina chip, maintain an acid pH, produce both D- and L-lactate, and down-regulate proinflammatory cytokines. Moreover, culture ofalone on-chip increased pH and secretion of inflammatory cytokines, and resulted in epithelial cell injury.
To create the human vagina chip, fibroblasts were seeded first in the basal channel by inverting the chip for 1 h in human fibroblast growth medium. Chips were inverted again, and human vaginal epithelial cells were seeded in the apical channel for 4 h in human vaginal growth medium. The chips were incubated at 37 °C with 5% COovernight under static aerobic conditions.
Customized HBSS medium is composed of 1.26 mM calcium chloride , 0.49 mM magnesium chloride hexahydrate , 0.41 mM magnesium sulfate heptahydrate , 5.33 mM potassium chloride , 0.44 mM potassium phosphate monobasic , 137.93 mM sodium chloride , and 5.56 mM D-glucose . In-house differentiation medium is composed of DMEM , Ham’s F12 , 4 mM L-glutamine , 1 μM hydrocortisone , 1× Insulin-Transferrin-Ethanolamine-Selenium , 20 nM triiodothyronine , 100 μM O-phosphorylethanolamine , 180 μM adenine , 3.2 mM calcium chloride , 2% heat inactivated fetal bovine serum , 1% penicillin-streptomycin , and 4 nM β-Estradiol .
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Investigating the impact of database choice on the accuracy of metagenomic read classification for the rumen microbiome - Animal MicrobiomeMicrobiome analysis is quickly moving towards high-throughput methods such as metagenomic sequencing. Accurate taxonomic classification of metagenomic data relies on reference sequence databases, and their associated taxonomy. However, for understudied environments such as the rumen microbiome many sequences will be derived from novel or uncultured microbes that are not present in reference databases. As a result, taxonomic classification of metagenomic data from understudied environments may be inaccurate. To assess the accuracy of taxonomic read classification, this study classified metagenomic data that had been simulated from cultured rumen microbial genomes from the Hungate collection. To assess the impact of reference databases on the accuracy of taxonomic classification, the data was classified with Kraken 2 using several reference databases. We found that the choice and composition of reference database significantly impacted on taxonomic classification results, and accuracy. In particular, NCBI RefSeq proved to be a poor choice of database. Our results indicate that inaccurate read classification is likely to be a significant problem, affecting all studies that use insufficient reference databases. We observed that adding cultured reference genomes from the rumen to the reference database greatly improved classification rate and accuracy. We also demonstrated that metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) have the potential to further enhance classification accuracy by representing uncultivated microbes, sequences of which would otherwise be unclassified or incorrectly classified. However, classification accuracy was strongly dependent on the taxonomic labels assigned to these MAGs. We therefore highlight the importance of accurate reference taxonomic information and suggest that, with formal taxonomic lineages, MAGs have the potential to improve classification rate and accuracy, particularly in environments such as the rumen that are understudied or contain many
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Alterations of the fecal microbiota in relation to acute COVID-19 infection and recovery - Molecular BiomedicinePeople with acute COVID-19 due to SARS-CoV-2 infection experience a range of symptoms, but major factors contributing to severe clinical outcomes remain to be understood. Emerging evidence suggests associations between the gut microbiome and the severity and progression of COVID-19. To better understand the host-microbiota interactions in acute COVID-19, we characterized the intestinal microbiome of patients with active SARS-CoV-2 infection in comparison to recovered patients and uninfected healthy controls. We performed 16S rRNA sequencing of stool samples collected between May 2020 and January 2021 from 20 COVID-19-positive patients, 20 COVID-19-recovered subjects and 20 healthy controls. COVID-19-positive patients had altered microbiome community characteristics compared to the recovered and control subjects, as assessed by both α- and β-diversity differences. In COVID-19-positive patients, we observed depletion of Bacteroidaceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Lachnospiraceae, as well as decreased relative abundances of the genera Faecalibacterium, Adlercreutzia, and the Eubacterium brachy group. The enrichment of Prevotellaceae with COVID-19 infection continued after viral clearance; antibiotic use induced further gut microbiota perturbations in COVID-19-positive patients. In conclusion, we present evidence that acute COVID-19 induces gut microbiota dysbiosis with depletion of particular populations of commensal bacteria, a phenomenon heightened by antibiotic exposure, but the general effects do not persist post-recovery.
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How micro(nano)plastics interact with human gut microbiotaIn a recent study published in the Microbial Biotechnology journal, researchers explored the health effects of micro(nano)plastics and their degraded products on the gut microbiome.
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Topless Rangers fan interrupts live BBC Scotland interview with Michael Beale chantThe fan is clearly expecting success from the new Rangers manager as he can be heard signing 'Michael Beale' in the background before he eventually emerges in front of the camera
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Is it me or is $99 for a 1TB micro SD card an insanely good deal?Is it me or is $99 for a 1TB micro SD card an insanely good deal CyberMonday
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Prednisolone does not improve olfactory function after COVID-19: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial - BMC MedicineBackground Prednisolone has been suggested as a treatment for olfactory disorders after COVID-19, but evidence is scarce. Hence, we aimed to determine the efficacy of a short oral prednisolone treatment on patients with persistent olfactory disorders after COVID-19. Methods We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-centered trial in the Netherlands. Patients were included if they were | 18 years old and if they had persistent (| 4 weeks) olfactory disorders within 12 weeks after a confirmed COVID-19 test. The treatment group received oral prednisolone 40 mg once daily for 10 days and the placebo group received matching placebo. In addition, all patients performed olfactory training. The primary outcome was the objective olfactory function on Sniffin’ Sticks Test (SST) 12 weeks after the start of treatment, measured in Threshold-Discrimination-Identification (TDI) score. Secondary outcomes were objective gustatory function assessed by the Taste Strip Test (TST) and subjective self-reported outcomes on questionnaires about olfactory, gustatory and trigeminal function, quality of life, and nasal symptoms. The CONSORT 2010 guideline was performed. Results Between November 2021 and February 2022, we included 115 eligible patients, randomly assigned to the treatment (n = 58) or placebo group (n = 57). No difference in olfactory function between groups was obtained after 12 weeks. Median TDI score on SST was 26.8 (IQR 23.6–29.3) in the placebo group and 28.8 (IQR 24.0–30.9) in the prednisolone group, with a median difference of 2.0 (95% CI 0.75 to 1.5). There was similar improvement on olfactory function in both groups after 12 weeks. Furthermore, on secondary outcomes, we obtained no differences between groups. Conclusions This trial shows that prednisolone does not improve olfactory function after COVID-19. Therefore, we recommend not prescribing prednisolone for patients with persistent olfactory disorders after COVID-19. Trial registration Thi
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