Drawing attention to heat-related deaths.
Among the many things we’ve been able to track with increasingly detailed satellite data is that the hottest neighborhoods are typically low-income and often haveThe urban heat island effect was first described in 1818, over 200 years ago, in “There are two distinct types of urban heat island: the atmospheric urban heat island and the surface urban heat island. They are measured in different ways.
The image on the right shows the surface urban heat island of Indianapolis in July 2019. Note the higher-density built areas in red are much warmer than the cooler, more vegetated areas in blue.The atmospheric urban heat island, the phenomenon described by Howard, is simply the warmer air in urban areas relative to the cooler air in outlying locations.
The surface urban heat island is the result of surfaces made up of heat-absorbing materials, such as asphalt, concrete, and metal. Such materials are highly effective absorbers of heat energy from the Sun, and their surfaces warm rapidly and in turn emit the absorbed energy. You can feel the heat when you touch them.The surface urban heat island directly contributes to the atmospheric urban heat island and is usually most intense on sunny days.
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