Scientists have reactivated the upgraded Laser Interferometric Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) after a three-year break, improving its ability to measure gravitational waves. These waves offer new opportunities for multi-messenger astronomy and deepen our understanding of astrophysical phenome
. These waves travel out in all directions from a disturbance, minutely bending space as they do so and ever so slightly changing the distance between objects in their way.– get close together, they rapidly spin around each other and produce gravitational waves. The sound in thisEven though the astronomical events that produce gravitational waves involve some of the most massive objects in the universe, the stretching and contracting of space is infinitesimally small.
Though first predicted by Einstein in 1916, scientists of that era had little hope of measuring the tiny changes in distance postulated by the theory of gravitational waves. Around the year 2000, scientists at Caltech, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and other universities around the world finished constructing what is essentially the most precise ruler ever built – theThe LIGO detector in Hanford, Washington, uses lasers to measure the minuscule stretching of space caused by a gravitational wave. Credit: LIGO Laboratory, with one located in Hanford, Washington, and the other in Livingston, Louisiana. Each observatory is shaped like a giant L with two, 2.
To measure gravitational waves, researchers shine a laser from the center of the facility to the base of the L. There, the laser is split so that a beam travels down each arm, reflects off a mirror and returns to the base. If a gravitational wave passes through the arms while the laser is shining, the two beams will return to the center at ever so slightly different times. By measuring this difference, physicists can discern that a gravitational wave passed through the facility.
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