itemprop=description content=Challenges associated with the development and design of neoantigen cancer vaccines.
By Dr. Priyom Bose, Ph.D.Oct 5 2023Reviewed by Benedette Cuffari, M.Sc. A recent Nature Reviews Immunology study discusses challenges associated with the development and design of neoantigen cancer vaccines.
After genomic mutations of cancer cells, altered or new protein products are generated. These proteins are antigenically novel for the host and referred to as neoantigens, which are recognized as foreign by the host immune system. Based on neoantigens, several immunotherapies, such as adoptive T-cell therapies and immune checkpoint blockade therapy, have been developed.
Challenges of developing effective neoantigen cancer vaccines The efficacy of any vaccine depends on the immunogenicity of its antigen. Next-generation sequencing provides invaluable information about the individual patient and individual tumors. For example, neopeptides identified through bioinformatics prediction tools did not generate significant endogenous antitumor immunity. This unfavorable outcome could be linked to tumor mutations based on deletion or insertion, which can lead to frameshift translation of polypeptide sequences that may not resemble its wild-type counterpart. These neoantigenes are known as defective ribosomal products , which lack function and structural stability.
Many cancer types have low mutational burden, which limits the global utility of mutation-dependent neoantigens and indicates the importance of mutation-independent neoantigens.
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