A new study finds that consanguinity – unions between close relatives - may increase the risk of common diseases such as type 2 diabetes and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Researchers from the Wellcome Sanger Institute and their collaborators at Queen Mary University of London analysed the genomic data of diverse groups to investigate the relationship between autozygosity - a measure of genetic relatedness between an individual's parents - and the prevalence of common diseases, with a novel method that reduces confounding due to sociocultural factors.
Consanguinity is the social and cultural practice of marriage between two blood-related individuals who share a recent common ancestor, for example a grandparent or great-grandparent. This practice is observed across the world with varying prevalence. Over 10 percent of the global population consists of individuals who are the offspring of second cousins or closer. In the UK, consanguinity is more common among some British South Asian communities.
In this new study, researchers from the Wellcome Sanger Institute and their collaborators set out to assess the impact of consanguinity on complex genetic diseases. Related StoriesAmong the 61 complex genetic diseases examined in the Genes & Health and UK Biobank cohorts, researchers identified 12 diseases and disorders associated with increased autozygosity resulting from consanguinity. These included type 2 diabetes, asthma, and PTSD. The associations with type 2 diabetes and PTSD were then validated in a separate dataset from the consumer genetic company 23andMe Inc., using a between-sibling analysis technique.
Daniel Malawsky, first author of the study and PhD student at the Wellcome Sanger Institute, said: "While consanguinity has a smaller role in common diseases compared to other factors, it is still essential to understand its specific influence on health in these communities. Our new method exploring the natural variation in expected autozygosity amongst offspring of first cousins was a key breakthrough in helping us to test its impact.
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