Talent isn't always enough. Here's how determination, chance encounters, and networking helped lead to the creation of the COVID-19 vaccines.
Talent and hard work are often not enough for inventions to be successful in big bureaucracies.
Talented people who want to innovate often see their innovations fall into the"valley of death," which means that their innovations don’t result in successful commercial products. Why is that? Because talent is often not enough. At one point in Kariko’s life, there were seven people applying for research grants. Six of them got their grant approved. The only one who didn’t get her grant approved was Katalin Kariko. Why was that? Because her idea of using mRNA was too unconventional. The big bureaucracy had failed Kariko.The first informal chance encounter was in front of a Xerox machine in 1998 at the University of Pennsylvania. There, Dr. Kariko met Dr. Drew Weissman, M.D., Ph.D., an immunologist.
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