BBC Sport asks two scientists to explore both the cases for transgender inclusion and the 'protection of fairness' of women's sport.
, so they are in effect the manifestation of what we know will happen physiologically.
There are some, including the IOC, that have said until we know [more] we shouldn't restrict trans athletes. But the problem is if you strictly require all trans athletes to go into a trans category, then you have three categories - one with 49.5% of humanity, the other with 49.5% of humanity, and one with 1% of humanity.
When we separate into categories, we don't necessarily eliminate advantages, but we reduce them to the point where anyone who is in the category can enjoy meaningful competition with anyone else in the category. The other problem is that there is still a lot of stigma attached to being trans and I'm not sure that trying to force or create a platform through sport would help overcome that. If anything, there might be certain barriers that are created.
The NCAA 11 years ago allowed trans women to compete, based on hormone therapy. We should be seeing 1,000-2,000. We see a handful every year. Where the IOC are now is that they've compromised it even further. No presumption of advantage - it's an extraordinary statement at a time when they have more knowledge than they would have had even seven, eight years ago.
The IOC has prioritised inclusion, and I think inclusion is valuable, but again I would prefer the example of World Athletics, which is taking a more proactive stance, where they have said this is what we think we should do, we know it won't work for all sports, but they are showing more leadership. In that sense it is possible to criticise the IOC.
Now, she has the weight of the world on her shoulders, people are debating her all across the world, she's been called some horrible things, there are some people who think she's a heroine, and she just wants to ride her bike, go to uni, have friends.It is really hard to see on a personal level somebody you know go through this level of suffering.
The reason this is so controversial is that there isn't an ideal scenario where the ideal is defined as keeping everyone equally happy. One of the things is that many people don't actually know any trans people, so this idea that trans women are men who think they're women, that isn't true. The gender identity that trans people have is such an essential part of our being that there is no way to separate that out.
If we maximise inclusion, it does come at some cost to fairness and safety. But I think that we can come up with solutions which, while they may not maximise any one of these three parameters, comes pretty close to maximising all three, and that none of these three important parameters - inclusion, safety and fairness - are overly impacted.The Equality Act 2010 legally protects people from discrimination that is based on gender identity. However, there are exemptions when it comes to sport.
There has to be a discussion from sociologists, from lawyers, from academics in the field of law and regulation, from the athletes themselves, to determine what's best and how to move forward.
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