An arrangement of galaxies in a giant bubble has been found not far from the Milky Way, and astronomers believe it could be a relic of the early Universe.
, which tells of the creation of structure in the Universe., a fossilized acoustic wave that propagated through the early Universe before freezing into place.
"We were not looking for it. It is so huge that it spills to the edges of the sector of the sky that we were analyzing,""As an enhancement in the density of galaxies it is a much stronger feature than expected. The very large diameter of one billion light years is beyond theoretical expectations. If its formation and evolution are in accordance with theory, this BAO is closer than anticipated, implying a high value for the expansion rate of the universe.
This is how the researchers came to see a very specific, shockingly familiar pattern: a ring, around 1 billion light-years across, in which galaxies appear more densely grouped, with a dense cluster of galaxies in the center. This is the structure of a baryon acoustic oscillation. When the Universe reached an age of around 380,000 years old, it cooled enough that atoms could form from the particles that had been bouncing around loose. The outward rippling of the acoustic waves stopped and became frozen as regions of higher density in the matter that was forming, with a radius of around 150 megaparsecs, or around 490 million light-years. They're not actually rings, but spheres; they look like rings to us because of perspective.
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