Stressed tomato and tobacco plants emit ultrasonic sounds similar to bubble-wrap popping, which may be detectable by insects, mammals, and other plants. Researchers recorded the sounds and used machine-learning to identify stress types and plant species, offering insights into plant communication an
Researchers at Tel Aviv University have discovered that stressed tomato and tobacco plants emit sounds similar to bubble-wrap being popped. These ultrasonic noises, which are inaudible to humans, may be detectable by insects, other mammals, and possibly other plants. The sounds could be a form of communication, carrying information about plant stress levels.
Although ultrasonic vibrations have been recorded from plants before, this is the first evidence that they are airborne, a fact that makes them more relevant for other organisms in the environment. “Plants interact with insects and other animals all the time, and many of these organisms use sound for communication, so it would be very suboptimal for plants to not use sound at all,” says Hadany.
Although the study focused on tomato and tobacco plants because of their ease to grow and standardization in the laboratory, the research team also recorded a variety of other plant species. “We found that many plants—corn, wheat, grape, and cactus plants, for example—emit sounds when they are stressed,” says Hadany.
Whether or not the plants are producing these sounds in order to communicate with other organisms is also unclear, but the fact that these sounds exist has big ecological and evolutionary implications. “It’s possible that other organisms could have evolved to hear and respond to these sounds,” says Hadany. “For example, a moth that intends to lay eggs on a plant or an animal that intends to eat a plant could use the sounds to help guide their decision.
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