It was the largest lake the world has ever known—one that stretched all the way from the Alps into what is now Kazakhstan. Two studies have helped chart its impressive rise and tragic fall. ScienceMagArchives
When continental plates smashed together about 12 million years ago, they didn't just raise new mountains in central Europe—they created the largest lake the world has ever known. This vast body of water—the Paratethys Sea—came to host species found nowhere else, including the world's smallest whales. Two new studies reveal how the ancient body of water took shape and how surrounding changes helped give rise to elephants, giraffes, and other large mammals that wander the planet today.
But climate shifts caused the lake to shrink dramatically at least four times in its 5-million-year lifetime, with water levels falling by as much as 250 meters between 7.65 million and 7.9 million years ago. During that largest episode of contraction, the lake lost as much as one-third of its water and more than two-thirds of its surface area.
The Paratethys soon became home to a wide variety of mollusks, crustaceans, and marine mammals found nowhere else on Earth. Many of the whales, dolphins, and seals living there were miniature versions of those found in open seas, says evolutionary biologist Pavel Gol'din of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine's I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, who was not involved with the work.
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