A study in BMCInfectDis finds that in patients with sepsis, baseline hemoglobin is related to a U-shaped risk of 28-day death. When in the range of 12.8–20.7 g/dL, there is a 7% increase in the risk of mortality for every one unit increase in hemoglobin.
] found that a significant decrease in hemoglobin concentration was an independent risk factor for necrotizing small bowel colitis in preterm infants with sepsis. However, all of these studies reported only linear correlations, rather than non-linear correlations. In addition to establishing a negative association between hemoglobin and death, our study discovered for the first time that high hemoglobin levels are also associated with a significant risk of death.
The present study has several strengths. Firstly, it has a larger sample size than previous studies. Secondly, the study adjusts for more variables and has more stable results. Thirdly, the study uses algorithms that elucidate nonlinearity to better reflect the true relationship between hemoglobin and sepsis and 28-day death.
However, this study has certain limitations: Because this is an observational study, it is inevitably subject to confounding. However, we rigorously adjusted for confounding and used sensitivity analysis to assess the consistency of the results.
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Oral microbial communities in 5-year-old children with versus without dental caries - BMC Oral HealthBackground Caries in young children has received more and more attention. The study of the oral microbiota may help to understand the polymicrobial etiology of dental caries. Objectives To investigate the diversity and structure of microbial communities in saliva samples from 5-year-old children with versus without dental caries. Methods A total of 36 saliva samples were collected from 18 children with high caries (HB group) and from 18 children without caries (NB group). Then, 16S rDNA was amplified from bacterial samples using polymerase chain reaction, and high-throughput sequencing was performed using Illumina Novaseq platforms. Results Sequences were clustered into operational taxonomic units (OTUs), which were distributed among 16 phyla, 26 classes, 56 orders, 93 families, 173 genera, and 218 species. Firmicutes, Bacteroides, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Fusobacteria, Patescibacteria, Epsilonbacteraeota, Cyanobacteria, Acidobacteria and Spirochaetes were basically the same in different groups, but their relative abundances were different. The core microbiome was defined as the species from 218 shared microbial taxa. The alpha diversity test showed that there were no significant differences in microbial abundance and diversity between the high caries and no caries groups. The results from principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and hierarchical clustering showed that the two groups had similar microorganisms. The biomarkers of different groups were defined by LEfSe analysis to identify potential caries-related and health-related bacteria. Co-occurrence network analysis of dominant genera showed that oral microbial communities in the no caries group were more complex and aggregated than those in the high caries group. Finally, the PICRUSt algorithm was used to predict the function of the microbial communities from saliva samples. The obtained results showed that mineral absorption was greater in the no caries group than in the high caries group. BugBase was used
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BMC Series blog Co-designing safe spaces for menstrual health management in humanitarian settings
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The prevalence and influencing factors of coexisting prediabetes and prehypertension among Bangladeshi adults - BMC Public HealthBackground Early detection of diabetes and hypertension is helpful to prevent and/or delay the onset of these diseases through proper interventions. Therefore, it is a prerequisite to know the prevalence of prediabetes and prehypertension and the factors associated with these conditions but people from developing countries including Bangladesh often remain undiagnosed and unaware of these conditions. In this study we investigate the prevalence of prediabetes and prehypertension and their associated factors in Bangladesh using nationally representative data. Method We used nationally representative Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) 2017–18 survey data, which included a total sample of 14,704 adults aged 18 years and more from whom blood pressure and fasting plasma glucose were collected. Chi-square test was used to examine the differences between sociodemographic and outcome variables. The univariate and multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify the factors associated with prediabetes and prehypertension. Results Overall, the prevalence of prediabetes and prehypertension was 8.6% with 14% of the sampled population having from prediabetes and prehypertension separately. Among the prediabetic and prehypertensive participants, one-fourth of the participant were from the richest families and around one-third were overweight/obese, while more than fifty percent had normal Body Mass Index (BMI) and completed secondary and higher education. In the univariate analysis, the richest wealth status (UOR 3.3, 95% CI: 2.46 -4.35) and overweight/obesity (UOR 3.2, 95% CI: 2.62–3.85) are the highest predictors for prediabetes and prehypertension. After adjusting the other variables, overweight/obesity remains the largest predictor for prediabetes and prehypertension (AOR:2.5, 95% CI:2.05–3.05). Further, people aged 31 and above and from the richest family had around 2 times and 1.8 times higher risk of being prediabetic and prehypertensive compared to t
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Factors associated with acute kidney injury among preterm infants administered vancomycin: a retrospective cohort study - BMC PediatricsBackground Vancomycin (VCM) is a widely used antibiotic for the treatment of gram-positive microorganisms, with some nephrotoxic effects. Recent studies have suggested that piperacillin-tazobactam (TZP) aggravates VCM-induced nephrotoxicity in adults and adolescents. However, there is a lack of research investigating these effects in the newborn population. Therefore, this study investigates whether the concomitant use of TZP with VCM use increases the risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) and to explore the factors associated with AKI in preterm infants treated with VCM. Methods This retrospective study included preterm infants with birth weight | 1,500 g in a single tertiary center who were born between 2018 and 2021 and received VCM for a minimum of 3 days. AKI was defined as an increase in serum creatinine (SCr) of at least 0.3 mg/dL and an increase in SCr of at least 1.5 times baseline during and up to 1 week after discontinuation of VCM. The study population was categorized as those with or without concomitant use of TZP. Data on perinatal and postnatal factors associated with AKI were collected and analyzed. Results Of the 70 infants, 17 died before 7 postnatal days or antecedent AKI and were excluded, while among the remaining participants, 25 received VCM with TZP (VCM + TZP) and 28 VCM without TZP (VCM—TZP). Gestational age (GA) at birth (26.4 ± 2.8 weeks vs. 26.5 ± 2.6 weeks, p = 0.859) and birthweight (750.4 ± 232.2 g vs. 838.1 ± 268.7 g, p = 0.212) were comparable between the two groups. There were no significant differences in the incidence of AKI between groups. Multivariate analysis showed that GA (adjusted OR: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.35–0.98, p = 0.042), patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) (adjusted OR: 5.23, 95% CI: 0.67–41.05, p = 0.115), and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) (adjusted OR: 37.65, 95% CI: 3.08–459.96, p = 0.005) were associated with AKI in the study population. Conclusions In very low birthweight infants, concomitant use of TZP did not increase the r
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Effects of corrective and breathing exercises on respiratory function of older adults with a history of COVID-19 infection: a randomized controlled trial - BMC Complementary Medicine and TherapiesBackground Patients with a history of COVID-19 infection may suffer from different physical problems. This study aimed to investigate the effect of corrective and breathing exercises on improving respiratory function among patients with a history of COVID-19 infection. Methods In this clinical trial study, thirty elderlies with a history of COVID-19 disease were divided into two groups (mean age 63.60 ± 3.56 experimental, 59.87 ± 2.99 control groups) based on the study inclusion criteria. Exercise interventions included two sections- breathing exercises and corrective exercises in the cervical and thoracic spine. The spirometry test, craniovertebral angle, and thoracic kyphosis test were used. To evaluate differences between variables, paired-samples t-test and ANCOVA were used (p-value 0.01). The Eta-squared value of 0.51 for the Craniovertebral angle and the SPO2 indicates a large effect size. Conclusions The results showed the combination of corrective and breathing exercises could improve pulmonary function and correct cervical and thoracic posture in patients with a history of COVID-19 infection. Therefore, corrective and breathing exercises can be helpful as a complementary treatment along with pharmaceutical therapy to reduce chronic pulmonary complications in patients infected with COVID-19. Trial registration This research was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT registration number: IRCT20160815029373N7, First trial registration: 23/08/2021, Registration date: 01/09/2021).
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Watermelon and dietary advice compared to dietary advice alone following hospitalization for hyperemesis gravidarum: a randomized controlled trial - BMC Pregnancy and ChildbirthBackground Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) affects about 2% of pregnancies and is at the severe end of the spectrum of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. HG causes severe maternal distress and results in adverse pregnancy outcomes long after the condition may have dissipated. Although dietary advice is a common tool in management, trial evidence to base the advice on is lacking. Methods A randomized trial was conducted in a university hospital from May 2019 to December 2020. 128 women at their discharge following hospitalization for HG were randomized: 64 to watermelon and 64 to control arm. Women were randomized to consume watermelon and to heed the advice leaflet or to heed the dietary advice leaflet alone. A personal weighing scale and a weighing protocol were provided to all participants to take home. Primary outcomes were bodyweight change at the end of week 1 and week 2 compared to hospital discharge. Results Weight change (kg) at end of week 1, median[interquartile range] -0.05[-0.775 to + 0.50] vs. -0.5[-1.4 to + 0.1] P = 0.014 and to the end of week 2, + 0.25[-0.65 to + 0.975] vs. -0.5[-1.3 to + 0.2] P = 0.001 for watermelon and control arms respectively. After two weeks, HG symptoms assessed by PUQE-24 (Pregnancy-Unique Quantification of Emesis and Nausea over 24 h), appetite assessed by SNAQ (Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire), wellbeing and satisfaction with allocated intervention NRS (0–10 numerical rating scale) scores, and recommendation of allocated intervention to a friend rate were all significantly better in the watermelon arm. However, rehospitalization for HG and antiemetic usage were not significantly different. Conclusion Adding watermelon to the diet after hospital discharge for HG improves bodyweight, HG symptoms, appetite, wellbeing and satisfaction. Trial registration This study was registered with the center’s Medical Ethics Committee (on 21/05/2019; reference number 2019327–7262) and the ISRCTN on 24/05/2019 with trial identificat
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