About 26 per cent of the Amazon rainforest has already been lost or badly degraded and without intervention the rest could transform into savannah, says a report released by researchers and Indigenous leaders
Surging deforestation in recent years means that threshold has already been passed, finds the latest report. It says that about 20 per cent of the Amazon has been cleared and another 6 per cent highly degraded in about 35 years.and her colleagues used forest coverage data to map how much of the Amazon was lost between 1985 and 2020 and studied its density, rainfall patterns and carbon dioxide storage.
The rainforest’s abilities to store carbon and regulate precipitation are indicators of its capacity to survive, says Quintanilla, and studying them can also reveal the effects of forest fires beneath the canopy, which satellite images can miss. The report finds that 33 per cent of the Amazon remains pristine and 41 per cent of areas have low degradation and could restore themselves. But 26 per cent of areas have been found to have gone too far to restore themselves: 20 per cent is lost entirely and 6 per cent is highly degraded and would need human support to be restored.“The ecological response of the forest is changing and its resilience is being lost,” says Quintanilla. “We are at a point of no return.
The Amazon may span 847 million hectares, but distant regions are highly interdependent. Losing trees in one area of the rainforest means there is less rainfall, higher temperatures and less CO2 absorption in others, which makes them more susceptible to fires and less resilient to climate change, feeding back into the cycle of destruction.
The transformation is already visible in Brazil and Bolivia, say the report’s authors. These two nations account for 90 per cent of all combined deforestation and degradation in the Amazon.
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