The Large Hadron Collider will be switched on again this week after a three-and-a-half-year upgrade
” bit of the experiment’s name stands for “Large Hadron Collider”, which is likewise the world’s biggest particle accelerator. This machine, which collides packets of high-speed protons will be switched on again on July 5th, after a three-and-a-half-year upgrade, for what is known as “Run 3”. But in the interim Dr Patel and his colleagues have been crunching data collected from previous runs. It is the results of these that are giving him palpitations.mesons decay into lighter particles.
If they do survive scrutiny, these three findings may go into future text books as the keys which unlocked the door marked “Physics beyond the Standard Model”. Practitioners have been battering on this portal since the Model was put together in the 1960s and 1970s, to no avail. Their ultimate goal is to unify the Standard Model and general relativity into an overarching “theory of everything”. That is some way off.
Dark matter is stuff that interacts with gravity but not electromagnetism, so can be felt, but not seen. Its abundance can be calculated from its effects on visible matter—than which, the sums suggest, it is six times more plentiful. And, though it is invisible, it has a profound effect. Galaxies, for example, are held together largely by the gravitational fields of their dark matter.
The kit they will have to conduct their search with is a more powerful version of the collider that found the Higgs boson a decade ago. Since the machine paused operations in December 2018, dozens of its superconducting magnets have been replaced with stronger ones and the injection system, which packs 120bn protons into bunches the size of a human hair and then accelerates them before they enter theitself, has been upgraded.
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