Last month, a few lucky individuals got to taste history: bread baked with a 4,500-year-old microbial combination of yeast and bacteria
The team selected ancient Egyptian pottery that was used in brewing beer and making bread. They carefully and non-invasively sampled for dormant yeasts and bacteria that get stuck in tiny ceramic pores of the pots. Instead of swabbing or scraping, theyBlackley kept some of the sample for himself to try baking bread. He used organic, sterilized barley, kamut, and Einkorn flour, since modern wheat was not developed until “long after [those] organisms went to sleep.
As a next step, Blackley called for scientists to sequence the yeast genome to test for contamination and compare its genome to that of modern baker’s yeast. A month after the bread tasting was shared on social media, Blackley is now working with a team of volunteer scientists. The scientists have separated the yeast strains from other microbial species that were contaminants and are working on sequencing both DNA and RNA. Comparing the yeast’s DNA with modern yeasts will allow us to see how the ancient yeast is different. RNA sequence data provides information on what genes the yeast is actually using when it is active.." The chance to taste the bread the Egyptians dined on may someday come to a grocery store near you.
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