Researchers have observed seismic waves traveling throughout the surface of a planet other than Earth for the first time after two large meteorite impacts on Mars. Researchers at ETH Zurich's Marsquake Service have been studying data from the NASA InSight mission's seismometer on one of our neigh
InSight mission’s seismometer on one of our neighboring planets. For over three years, the only seismic waves identified on Mars were those that traveled through the planet’s depths from each quake’s focus or hypocenter. However, the scientists had always hoped for an event that would also cause waves to move throughout the planet’s surface. On December 24, 2021, a meteorite impact on Mars produced the kind of surface waves they had been longing for, finally rewarding their wait.
“The location was a good match with our estimates for the source of the quake,” says Doyeon Kim, a geophysicist and senior research scientist at ETH Zurich’s Institute of Geophysics. Kim is the lead author of a study that has recently been published in the journal. The researchers were also able to pinpoint a meteorite impact at just under 7,500 kilometers from InSight as the source of a second atypical quake.
What makes the seismic surface waves so important to researchers is that they provide information about the structure of the Martian crust. Seismic body waves, which travel through the planet’s interior during a quake, have so far provided insights into Mars’s core and mantle, but have revealed little about the crust away from the lander itself.“Until now, our knowledge of the Martian crust has been based on only a single point measurement under the InSight lander,” Kim explains.
Lava flows and the closure of pore spaces from heat created by volcanic processes can increase the velocity of seismic waves. “On the other hand, the crustal structure beneath InSight’s landing site may have been formed in a unique way, perhaps when material was ejected during a large meteoritic impact more than three billion years ago. That would mean the structure of the crust under the lander is probably not representative of the general structure of the Martian crust,” Kim explains.
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