A recent decline of ice around the South Pole worries climate scientists
became stuck in the ice of Antarctica’s Bellingshausen sea. Theand its crew—which included Roald Amundsen, who later became the first man to reach the South Pole—remained there for a year. Scientists aboard, a German research ship currently in the same place, now have a very different view: earlier this week the expedition leader said he had never seen the sea so devoid of ice. On February 13th sea ice across the Antarctic as a whole spanned 1.
The world is now, on average, 1.0-1.3°C hotter than it was before the Industrial Revolution. But that change has not occurred evenly: the poles are warming faster than regions in the middle of the globe. That has obvious consequences for floating sea ice at the northern pole: the extent of sea ice in the Arctic has declined by about 40% in the last 40 years. The situation is more complicated around the South Pole, where ahas a cooling effect.
Sea-ice extent around Antarctica was relatively stable until 2014. It has been declining precipitously since then . One study by a climatologist at America’sreckons that between 2014 and 2017 Antarctic sea ice receded three times as quickly as during any comparable period in the Arctic. Antarctic sea ice shrinks to a minimum during late February and early March, during the southern hemisphere’s summer. It hit record lows in 2022 and again now in 2023.
These changes have prompted much research into how global warming is affecting Antarctica. The biggest concern is over the enormous West Antarctic ice sheet, which is smaller but less stable than its eastern counterpart. Scientists say that it risks collapse if it melts beyond a certain point, which could result in a global sea-level rise of up to three metres. This is regarded as one of climate change’s most consequential “tipping points”.
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