If the Milky Way is indeed an oddball, it might help explain some dark matter mysteries.
. Frenk and his team hope their simulation will be a useful tool for addressing such weighty questions. And if itPast efforts by theorists, including by Frenk himself, have either simulated a huge piece of the universe that only resembles the real one in a statistical sense, getting the number of galaxies and galaxy clusters about right, or they’ve zoomed in and focused only on our own Milky Way. But there’s plenty to learn from our galaxy’s surroundings too.
At the very center of the simulation is the Milky Way galaxy and our nearest massive neighbor, the Andromeda galaxy .Most physicists believe that huge yet hidden webs of dark matter hold galactic structures together. In some spots in the SIBELIUS box, there’s a little more dark matter than in others. Here, dark matter starts clumping together, and then those clumps grow.
Big clumps of dark matter should have enough gravitational pull to bring in the gas that builds up into stars and, later, galaxies. But another problem is that some simulations end up producing big, orbitinghost satellite galaxies—but they don’t seem to have any real-universe counterparts. This is called the “too-big-to-fail” problem, since huge blobs of dark matter are thought to be too massive to fail to form galaxies within them.
The Milky Way might happen to be situated in a fairly dense region of dark matter or in a sparse one, says Priyamvada Natarajan, a Yale University astrophysicist and dark-matter expert. “What is cool about this simulation is that they can address: How typical or unusual is our local volume? How rare is the distribution of matter that we see around us? Are we on a mountain or are we in a valley?” she says.
If the Milky Way is indeed an oddball, it might help explain some dark matter mysteries, Frenk and Boylan-Kolchin speculate. If we're in a sparse part of the universe, that might explain why local measurements of the expansion rate are different than one would expect based on measurements of the faraway universe.
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