An international study has uncovered the origins of the grapevine using the Wild Vine Database at KIT. Grapevine has a long history as one of the world's oldest crops. Wine, made from grapes, was among the earliest products to be traded globally, playing a key role in the exchange of cultures, idea
Grapevine, one of the world’s oldest crops, has a complex history of evolution and domestication dating back to 11,000 B.C. in the South Caucasus. A multinational research network, utilizing DNA samples from over 3,500 vines, has unveiled the most detailed model of grapevine evolution, revealing how it survived climate changes and gathered genes from Asia through human migration movements.
The precise origins of wild vine domestication and the evolution of thousands of grapevine varieties remain shrouded in mystery, lost in the prehistoric era. However, it is known that grapevine has persevered through significant climate changes and acquired genetic material from Asia through early human migration. Still, the question of whether grapes used for wine production and table grapes have the same origin remains unanswered.
There, the genomes were decoded under the direction of Dr. Wei Chen and the most detailed model of the evolution and domestication of grapevines so far was generated. As a result, a number of new findings have been obtained. Now, the origin of winegrowing can be dated back to earlier than 11,000 B.C. in the South Caucasus. This means that wine is older than bread. Winegrowing technology very quickly spread across the Mediterranean to the west.
“Search for the different grapevines was very thrilling,” Nick says. “Many vines came from the Magarach collection on Crimea. After Russian annexation in 2014, Ukrainian researchers fled and are now distributed all over the world, as are the vines.”
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