Cluster munitions release multiple smaller bombs or submunitions over a wider area, which can place civilians in harm's way.
Russia has made"extensive use" of cluster munitions in Ukraine, showing a"blatant disregard for human life, humanitarian principles, and legal norms," Human Rights Watch's arms advocacy director, Mary Wareham, said in August 2022.' Convention on Cluster Munitions. The treaty makes it illegal to use, develop, produce, acquire, stockpile or transfer cluster munitions, as well as assisting or encouraging other parties to do so.
"More and more lethal, long-range, complex modern systems are being considered to saturate the battlefield with them from the Ukrainian side, and thus the United States again and again confirms its status as a party directly involved in this conflict," Ryabkov said. Previous U.S. policy said cluster munitions can be used only if they leave behind less than 1 percent of their submunitions or smaller bombs as duds, according to Human Rights Watch, or that"possess advanced features to minimize the risks posed by unexploded submunitions," according to the Department of Defense . Unexploded submunitions can pose a long-term danger to civilians.
However, the policy was reversed in 2017, when the DOD said it would"retain cluster munitions currently in inventories" until they are replaced by"more reliable munitions." However, the 1 percent limit still applies to exporting cluster munitions, Human Rights Watch said. To do so to Ukraine, a waiver from the U.S. government on export laws would be needed, according to
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