A study published in BMCGeriatr finds that community-dwellers with Alzheimer’s disease have a higher incidence of pneumonia than community-dwellers without the disease.
). In addition, the use of benzodiazepines and related drugs and antipsychotics, as well as antiepileptics, opioids, oral glucocorticoids, and proton pump inhibitors, was more common in this group.Full size tableOut of all the investigated risk factors, previous hospital-treated pneumonia had the strongest association with incident pneumonia in the whole population with incident pneumonia . Male gender , AD , all comorbidities and drug use were associated with incident pneumonia.
When risk factor analyses were performed separately in the AD and non-AD cohorts, previous pneumonia was a strong risk factor for pneumonia in both cohorts . Except for antidepressants, biological products, benzodiazepines or related drugs, and liver or kidney disease that had no association with pneumonia in the AD cohort, all comorbidities, and drug use were associated with the increased risk of pneumonia in both cohorts. The associations were stronger in the non-AD cohort.
In the competing risk models, in persons with AD cardiovascular diseases, liver and kidney disease, oral glucocorticoids, and biological products were not associated with pneumonia. In persons without AD, the associations of liver and kidney disease and biological products were no longer associated with increased risk of pneumonia in the competing risk models.In this study, the AD cohort had a higher incidence of pneumonia than the non-AD cohort.
A previous study on the incidence of bacterial pneumonia showed a higher risk of hospitalization for persons with cognitive impairment []. Our findings are similar; however, we included a broader range of pneumonia diagnoses including viral pneumonia caused by for example influenza virus and other common respiratory viruses. This implies that the risk is higher in persons with AD not only for bacterial pneumonia but also for viral pneumonia.
Although the same risk factors were associated with a higher risk of pneumonia in both cohorts, nearly all risk factors had stronger associations in the AD cohort. This is consistent with our earlier studies on risk factors of hip fracture [
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