3 phases of making a memory—and what you can do to make information easier to retrieve, according to abmarkman
retrieval
There are many things that can influence the effectiveness of all three of these phases. For example, paying moreto information during encoding can make it easier to remember what you learned better than paying less attention. When retrieving information, you might say that you saw something previously if you have a feeling that it is familiar, or you might require having a vivid memory of what you saw to say that you actually saw it.
They did two parallel studies in which people viewed sixteen brief videos of naturalistic scenes like people cleaning up or talking on the phone. They viewed the scenes twice. Then, after a brief 10-minute delay in which participants answered unrelated questions, they were given information about the scenes and asked whether that information reflected something that was true of the scenes.
In this study, rewards had a significant impact on performance. Participants were significantly more accurate at recalling information about high-reward scenes than about low-reward scenes. Some types of information were harder to retrieve than others, so participants were more accurate about the gist of the event than about specific perceptual details. But the advantage for high-reward scenes was true for all types of information.
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