Tsantsas, or shrunken heads, were a tradition for Indigenous tribes living in the Amazon rainforest.
for the first time and confirm it was human, and not one of the many counterfeits manufactured for European fascination.
Eventually, a huge market for Westerners fascinated with the exotic practice opened. The market filled in the 1950s, ‘60s and ‘70s not with human heads, but a wave of forgeries made from the skin of sloths, monkeys and goats. Some may have even been created from human heads from morgues. It is thought that they removed the skull in a ceremony before sewing the eyes and mouth shut on the tsantsa so that the soul could not speak evil of its captors or seek revenge.
Like ordinary CT scanners used in hospitals to look inside the body, micro-CTs create an internal cross-section, but in much higher detail. And by beaming the high-powered x-rays at the object as it spins, it can also recreate a 3D model in unparalleled detail. The attributes associated with both fake and genuine heads featured in this case suggest “maybe there's a broader range of characteristics in these things than is fully appreciated,” Nelson says.
The study also suggests that either the outsiders who made the replicas were astute at mimicking the indigenous groups’ manufacturing process, or the Shuar and Achuar themselves were making commercial tsantsas.
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