Discovering a rare red spiral galaxy population from the earlyuniverse with the James Webb Space Telescope waseda_univ AAS_Office
1. IntroductionThe spiral structure of galaxies is not only one of the most spectacular features of the universe but also provides us with important information on galaxy formation and evolution. Since the first systematic classification of the morphology of"extragalactic nebulae" , large efforts have been devoted to studying the morphology of galaxies across cosmic time and to understanding their formation mechanisms .
Table 1 is a summary of the fitting results as well as the lensing magnification factors. Following this, we describe the results of our SED fitting in detail.Download table as: ASCIITypeset image The best-fit passive solution of RS 14 does not change if we use different photometric zero-points, including the preflight value, or if we use different assumptions for the SED fitting. In particular, we also applied a steeper dust attenuation . However, the results do not change.
The best redshift solution of RS 13 is zph=2.2 ± 0.1, having a large dust reddening of with a high SFR of ∼450 M⊙ yr−1. This solution explains that some of the >1 μm fluxes seen in NIRCam bands are produced by strong optical-to-NIR nebular lines, instead of the stellar continuum. With the young age of 0.02 Gyr, this solution suggests that RS 13 is a dusty starburst spiral galaxy.
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Frontiers | Appraisal of coral bleaching thresholds and thermal projections for the northern Red Sea refugiaCorals in the northern Red Sea exhibit high thermal tolerance despite experiencing frequent and severe heat stress. It is assumed that corals in the Red Sea have similar bleaching thresholds (32°C), and thus, the apparent bleaching tolerance of corals in the NRS is due to the lower ambient temperature (25–28°C) of the region that remains under their physiological maxima. Whether bleaching patterns along the Red Sea are independent of the local maximum monthly mean and aligned with the proposed 32°C threshold has yet to be determined. Here, we used surface seawater temperature remote sensing data (1982–2020) to model spatial distributions of Degree Heat Weeks across the Red Sea using coral thermal threshold values of 30, 31, and 32°C. We also used the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 model outputs to predict warming trends in the Red Sea under different representative concentration pathway scenarios. Our data show the 32°C–adjusted thresholds dramatically reduced Degree Heat Weeks in the northern Red Sea, but not in central or southern Red Sea, which is consistent with bleaching observations throughout the Red Sea. Further, it is predicted that the northern Red Sea will experience the least range of warming by end of the 21st century (2–2.5°C) compared to the central and southern regions (2.7-3.1°C) under the business as usual scenario. The slower rate of warming in the northern Red Sea should help promote the refugia (i.e., the ability to maintain favorable temperature for corals) to remain functional for decades. Collectively, our results support the hypothesis that coral bleaching thresholds are independent of the local maximum monthly mean, and corals have similar thresholds throughout the Red Sea. Regional projections of warming suggest that the northern Red Sea that experiences low ambient surface seawater temperature and maximum monthly mean will not reach the proposed threshold (32°C) by end of the 21st century. Our work suggests that while globa
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