The journey to having net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050 will require large amounts of minerals produced for renewable energy technology.
Global demand for these materials is rising outside of the transition to renewable energy because of economic, population and urbanization growth, Dunbar said.
Around 2 million to 3 million tons of nickel are mined annually and a vital component in electric car batteries. Reaching the 2050 net-zero goal would require around 5 million tons to be mined, Dunbar said. Dunbar said current mining deposits don’t contain enough minerals to meet the demand to reach net-zero emissions by 2050. He said it's possible to get the minerals by mining deeper in the Earth than what’s done now, but that would expend a lot of energy and go against the desire to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
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