NASA's groundbreaking twins study, involving astronauts Scott and Mark Kelly, revealed that traveling to Mars may one day be possible.
This is astronaut Scott Kelly back in 2015. For 340 days, he circled Earth inside the International Space Station, the longest any American has ever spent in space at once. Meanwhile, someone with the same face, body, and DNA was back on Earth: his identical twin, Mark Kelly. Scott and Mark are the only twin NASA astronauts in history. Separated by 250 miles of space and sky, the twins participated in a groundbreaking study unlike anything NASA had ever tried before.
And the way it does that is it turns the genes on that it needs.Bailey was part of a group that also looked at structures in the twins' cells called telomeres. Telomeres are caps at the end of chromosomes that help protect our DNA from damage, and as we age or are stressed, they shrink. That's why Bailey figured that Scott's telomeres would shorten during his year in space.
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