Africa will require an unprecedented effort to meet the UN’s target of electricity for all by 2030
released today by the International Energy Agency , a think-tank. Many in Africa, however, worry about the opposite problem: the acute shortage of electricity. The continent is home to almost a fifth of the world’s population, but accounts for less than 4% of global electricity use. North Africa enjoys near-universal access to electricity, yet more than half of the sub-Saharan population—600m people—live in the dark . This can hinder the provision of basic services.
Poverty is part of the problem. More than 40% of sub-Saharan Africans live on less than $2 a day. The IEA report notes that paying for the electricity needed to power a few basic appliances would eat up a tenth of earnings for poorer households. Rural areas are hit particularly hard. Whereas nearly three-quarters of households in cities have access to electricity, in rural places the figure is closer to one-quarter.Progress has been painfully slow.
The IEA says African countries should focus on two groups. One is people who live “under the grid”—in informal urban settlements near a supply of electricity—but face cost or other barriers to using it. Offering poor residents reduced connection fees and instalment-based payment plans can help bring them onto the grid. The second group comprises people who live far from existing transmission and distribution systems.
“Africa has a unique opportunity to pursue a much less carbon-intensive development path than many other parts of the world,” says Dr Fatih Birol, the IEA’s executive director. For instance, he notes, Africa has “the richest solar resources on the planet”, yet has installed just 1% of the world’s solar electricity-generation capacity. As with much else, Africa has a long way to go to reach its potential.
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