“We can finally say that one measure at play in cancer is just our normal tissue function which is to renew and which also brings mutations. It remains critical to avoid harmful exposures like smoking, but probably a good number of people get cancer just because our tissues are working normally.”
So it turns out normal tissues are not so normal after all. “And how harmful the mutations they contain are depends on where these mutations hit the genome,” Tomasetti said.
While many of those genetic mutations are most likely harmless, some have known links to cancer, Collins said. “The data show that genetic mutations arise most often in the skin, esophagus, and lung tissues,” he said.
“It’s not yet clear to what extent such pockets of altered cells may put people at greater risk for developing cancer down the road,” he said. “But the presence of these genetic mutations does have potentially important implications for early cancer detection. For instance, it may be difficult to distinguish mutations that are truly red flags for cancer from those that are harmless and part of a new idea of what’s ‘normal.
Collins said it’s worth noting that so far, the researchers have only detected these mutations in large populations of cells. “As the technology advances, it will be interesting to explore such questions at the higher resolution of single cells.”
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