About 4m Venezuelans have fled since 2014. By the end of 2020, the exodus could exceed 8m
nursing student from Barquisimeto in north-western Venezuela, fled last year as living conditions became intolerable. She spent 11 months in Peru, but her hosts were hostile towards Venezuelan migrants, especially women, and she found little work. So in June she moved to Chile, arriving just as its government tightened rules for Venezuelans entering the country and began expelling those without the right papers.
It increases the burden on Colombia, which remains the most open of the destination countries. That is partly because it cannot police its 2,200km border with Venezuela. The influx adds to disorder on a frontier already plagued by Venezuelan-backed guerrilla groups. Now Colombia must cope with a build-up on its southern border of refugees who had hoped to enter Peru and Ecuador.
Though they are letting in fewer Venezuelans, governments are trying to provide services to those who have already arrived. That is a struggle. Hospitals in Roraima have staff shortages, in part because Cuba recalled its doctors in the face of hostility from the country’s right-wing president, Jair Bolsonaro. Colombia’s government estimates that the cost of providing health care, schooling and other services to Venezuelans will be 0.5% ofthis year, about a fifth of its expected budget deficit.
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