Gender and gender identity may seem like more recent headline-grabbing topics, but societies have discussed the subjects for centuries. A new approach to reading a medieval French narrative text suggests that gender identity 600 years ago was just as complex as it is today, according to a Penn State researcher.
in the 15th century French romance"Perceforest." The work's use of both masculine and feminine pronouns to refer to the character, and the difficulties that Heart of Steel encounters when trying to explain their gender to others, suggest that the character may be best understood as not easily fitting into a male-female gender binary.
The Golden Knight meeting a beast of many colors, from Perceforest. Credit: Gilded Knight from BL Royal 19 E II, f. 166. Revised by David Aubert—The British Library, United Kingdom—Public Domain Findley, who previously wrote about Heart of Steel as a cross-dressing woman, re-examined the text for the current study without assuming that the character is a woman.
"French is a very gendered language," Findley said."You can see gender markers everywhere, not only in pronouns but in adjectives and certain verb forms. When you look closely at this particular text, you find very deliberate, systematic pronoun mixing used for Heart of Steel. This is something that 'Perceforest' doesn't do for any of its other characters, and it's also something that seems to be unusual in other texts from the time.
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