New research provides insight about the bedrock scientific principle that mitochondrial DNA—the distinct genetic code embedded in the organelle that serves as the powerplant of every cell in the body—is exclusively passed down by the mother.
carried by thousands of mitochondria necessary for energy production in every cell in the body.
However, the study found that while mature sperm do carry a small number of mitochondria, they lack intact mtDNA. Scientists aren't sure why sperm are not allowed to contribute mtDNA, but Mitalipov theorizes that it may relate to the fact that a sperm uses a lot of mitochondrial energy in its biological impetus to fertilize an egg. It would thus accumulate mutations in mtDNA. The developing eggs known as oocytes, by contrast, draw energy primarily from surrounding cells, not from their own mitochondria, so maintain relatively pristine mtDNA.
The 100 or so organelles in sperm are swamped by hundreds of thousands of mitochondria embedded in each egg cell—each carrying the 37 genes in mitochondrial DNA. The contribution of only maternal mtDNA is believed to confer anMitochondria control respiration and
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