The loss of water vapor, which likely contributed to the shift from a warm, wet Mars to a cold desert billions of years ago, 'controls the rate of the planet's continued desiccation,' according to researchers
Once, Mars was a warm planet that could potentially support life and water on its surface. But something changed about 3.5 billion years ago and it lost most of its atmosphere.
Only a thin atmosphere exists today, allowing gases like water vapor to escape. And if water were to be on the surface now, it would instantly evaporate. In the Martian upper atmosphere, sunlight breaks water molecules down into hydrogen and oxygen, which then pass from the thin atmosphere into space.
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