People who lucid dream gain memories of what happened earlier in the dream and can manipulate their environment and control their own actions.
At first, nothing seemed amiss in the Spinoza Cafe. The virtual cafeteria, designed by Dutch scientists, was replete with fluorescent lights, cheap gray carpet, and vending machines.13 university students, equipped with virtual reality goggles, entered the cafe. Soon after, though, they faced a series of increasingly bizarre experiences: The clocks began running backwards, patrons turned their heads to stare, gravity failed.
When we fall asleep, it may seem like our brains power down for the night, but they actually just shift into a different mode. Certain parts of the brain—those involved in emotion and vision in particular—actually become much more active. That’s why dreams are so emotionally and visually vivid, Baird says. Meanwhile, the parts of our brain involved in higher-order thought—which includes self-awareness, agency, and the ability to plan ahead—go off duty.
Some of the tried and true techniques to induce lucid dreaming are more low-tech. In one, the dreamer simply asks themselves “is this a dream?” whenever, during waking hours, they’re in a place or situation that appears frequently in their actual dreams. Dresler and his colleagues, who co-authored the recent study on virtual reality and lucid dreaming, adapted this method in their design of the Spinoza Cafe.
By the end of the study, 12 of the 13 people who went to Spinoza Cafe reported experiencing lucid dreams. Three of those lucid dreams were confirmed by the participants’ eye movements. Meanwhile, only four people in a separate group who trained using the traditional technique—asking themselves “am I dreaming?” without VR—reported lucid dreams. None of those experiences were independently confirmed in the sleep study. Finally, in a group that didn’t train at all, no one reported lucid dreams.
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