Love and exile in “Letter from an Unknown Woman”

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Love and exile in “Letter from an Unknown Woman”
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Stefan Zweig’s book, and Max Ophüls’s film, evoke thwarted passion and a lost world

Save time by listening to our audio articles as you multitaskA century ago, in 1922, Zweig published his novella “Letter from an Unknown Woman”. Drenched in a feverish mood of doom-laden eroticism, it takes the form of a dying woman’s testament sent to the oblivious philanderer “whom I have always loved”. Her obsessive, unrequited passion has consumed a life that the Spanish flu will soon end.

On one level, this is a fanciful, masochistic melodrama. A woman sacrifices her whole existence to the fantasy version of a forgetful narcissist who “never recognised me”, even when the pair sleep together again after an encounter at a louche café. Yet Zweig’s grasp of the dynamics of romantic infatuation and its childhood roots—the “unknown woman” falls for her beloved, a writer, as a moonstruck 13-year-old—lent his story a mesmeric allure.

A quarter-century later, the book found a matchless interpreter in Max Ophüls. Born in Germany, the director made his name in the 1920s at the Burgtheater in Vienna and put out several German comedy films in the early 1930s. Like Zweig, he was Jewish, and like him Ophüls fled Europe as the Nazi menace intensified. The author and his wife, Lotte, committed suicide in Brazil in 1942.

Washed in mysterious twilight tints thanks to Franz Planer’s black-and-white cinematography, the film of 1948 showcases the sinuous pans and tracking shots that were Ophüls’s hallmark. His ever-roving camera dissolves fixed points of view into a Freudian shadow-play of perspectives and illusions. Howard Koch’s screenplay alters plot details: the man becomes a pianist; after her son’s birth the woman—a superb Joan Fontaine—marries respectably rather than working as a high-class courtesan.

Written in the aftermath of world war and pandemic, gorgeously filmed by central-European exiles in the wake of a second, genocidal conflict, “Letter from an Unknown Woman” shows how the “child’s magic realm” of romantic illusion can overshadow, and curse, a life. For later viewers and readers, it conjures another lost, enchanted kingdom too: the bittersweet Vienna of its birth.

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