The probe will study Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto.
The European Space Agency successfully launched its JUICE spacecraft to study Jupiter’s icy moons on Friday, April 14th. The Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer mission will visit three of Jupiter’s largest moons — Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto — to investigate whether they could be potentially habitable, a question that has been igniting debate among astronomers since the first evidence of subsurface oceans on these moons was seen by the Galileo mission in the 1990s.
“We have to launch on the second in order to have the right trajectory towards the first orbit around the Sun that will allow us to come back to Earth,” ESA payload system engineer Alessandro Atzei explained in a prelaunch briefing. This journey is designed to conserve as much fuel as possible, as the spacecraft will need its fuel reserves to perform maneuvers at Jupiter. Once JUICE arrives at Jupiter, it will perform a total of 35 flybys of Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto, the three icy moons.
The most intriguing feature of Ganymede, though, is that, like Europa and Callisto, it is thought to have a liquid water ocean beneath a crust of ice several miles thick. Evidence for this comes from the Galileo mission, which found perturbations of Jupiter’s magnetic field near Europa that suggested a subsurface ocean, plumes of water bursting through the surface detected by Hubble, and the detection of water vapor in Europa’s atmosphere made using ground-based telescopes.
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